IoT networks revolutionize urban management through real-time monitoring of traffic, energy use, and waste systems. Sensor-generated data enables cities to optimize resource allocation and enhance public services, while also addressing challenges in data security and infrastructure costs. The technology's predictive capabilities allow for proactive maintenance and more efficient urban planning.

Artificial Intelligence is reshaping optical communication networks by enhancing their intelligence, reliability, and efficiency. This study examines how AI-driven algorithms and machine learning models are used to predict potential issues, optimize traffic flow, detect faults in real time, and strengthen network security. These advancements are transforming optical networks into smarter, more resilient systems that can meet growing connectivity demands.

Rapid urbanization poses significant challenges in managing resources, infrastructure, and citizen well-being. The Internet of Things (IoT) emerges as a transformative technology, enabling the creation of smart cities. This article explores the integration of IoT devices in monitoring and managing critical urban infrastructure, focusing on traffic management, waste management, and energy use. We examine how sensor networks, data analytics, and interconnected devices can optimize resource allocation, improve service delivery, and enhance citizen quality of life. Challenges and considerations regarding data privacy, security, and infrastructure investment are also addressed. By harnessing the power of IoT, cities can pave the way for a more sustainable, efficient, and livable future.