As cyber threats become more sophisticated, traditional perimeter-based security models are proving inadequate. Zero Trust Security offers a proactive approach by operating on the principle of "never trust, always verify." This model ensures that no user or system, whether inside or outside the organization, is trusted by default. Key components include robust identity and access management, least-privilege access, micro-segmentation, and continuous monitoring. By implementing Zero Trust principles, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of data breaches, ensuring that access to sensitive information is tightly controlled and continuously verified. This approach not only enhances security but also aligns with modern IT environments that include cloud services and remote workforces.​

This article explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the game for optical communication networks by making them smarter and more efficient. By using advanced algorithms and machine learning, AI helps predict issues before they happen, manages network traffic better, detects faults quickly, and boosts security transforming optical networks, making them more reliable and efficient for everyone.